How To Install A Toilet
Installing a toilet is a straightforward process that can be accomplished by most homeowners with a bit of time and the right tools. Yes, you can install a toilet yourself if you follow proper steps and safety precautions. According to HomeAdvisor, the average cost to install a toilet can range from $200 to $1,000, depending on various factors, including labor, materials, and the type of toilet. By learning how to install a toilet on your own, you can save money and gain a sense of accomplishment. This guide will walk you through each essential step in the installation process.
Gather Necessary Tools
Before you begin the installation, gather all necessary tools to ensure a smooth process. Essential tools include a wax ring, a new toilet, a pair of adjustable wrenches, a flathead screwdriver, a level, a sponge or cloth, and a bucket. Additionally, you may need a hacksaw for cutting the toilet bolts if they are too long. Having all tools on hand prevents interruptions during the installation process, making it more efficient.
It’s also beneficial to wear gloves and safety glasses to protect yourself from bacteria and debris. Since you’ll be working near plumbing and potentially dirty water, these safety measures are crucial. Make sure to have a towel or sponge available to wipe up any spills, as well as a bucket to catch excess water from the old toilet.
When selecting a new toilet, consider the type (two-piece vs. one-piece), height, and flush efficiency. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, high-efficiency toilets can save approximately 20% more water than standard models. Choosing a water-efficient model not only conserves water but can reduce your water bill over time.
Finally, check local building codes and regulations regarding toilet installation. Some municipalities may require permits for plumbing work, and ensuring compliance can save you from potential fines or issues later on.
Remove Old Toilet
Begin by turning off the water supply to the toilet, usually located on the wall behind it. Flush the toilet to drain the tank, and use a sponge or cloth to soak up any remaining water in the tank and bowl. It’s important to eliminate all water to avoid spills when you detach the toilet. Removing the lid and tank can help you reach residual water more easily.
Next, disconnect the water supply line from the bottom of the tank using an adjustable wrench. Be prepared for some water to spill out when you disconnect the line. Place a bucket or cloth below to catch any excess water. Once the water is disconnected, you’ll need to remove the toilet from the floor.
To do this, locate the bolts securing the toilet to the floor. These bolts may be covered by caps that can be pried off with a flathead screwdriver. Once exposed, use a wrench to loosen and remove the nuts from the bolts. If the bolts are rusted or stuck, a hacksaw may be necessary to cut them. After the nuts are removed, gently rock the toilet back and forth to break the wax seal before lifting it off the flange.
Finally, carefully lift the old toilet and set it aside. You may need assistance, as toilets can weigh between 60 to 120 pounds. Once removed, inspect the flange for damage or wear before proceeding with the new installation.
Prepare the Flange
The flange is a critical component that connects the toilet to the sewer line. Inspect the flange for any damage or rust, as this can affect the stability and sealing of the new toilet. If the flange is cracked or broken, it must be replaced before proceeding. Flanges are typically made of PVC or metal and can be found at plumbing supply stores.
If the flange is intact, ensure it is clean and free of debris. Scrub any residual wax from the old seal using a putty knife or scraper. A clean surface ensures a proper seal when installing the wax ring. Pay attention to the height of the flange as well; it should be flush with or slightly above the finished floor.
Check for any loose screws or bolts securing the flange to the floor. Tighten them to ensure stability when the new toilet is installed. This is essential as a secure flange prevents rocking, which can lead to future leaks. If the screws are stripped, replacement may be necessary.
In some cases, your flange may sit too low compared to the finished floor. If this is the case, you may need a flange extender. This will help align the new toilet correctly, preventing leaks from an improperly installed unit. Proper preparation of the flange is key to a successful and leak-free toilet installation.
Install Wax Seal
After preparing the flange, the next step is to install the wax seal. A wax ring is essential for creating a watertight seal between the bottom of the toilet and the flange. Choose a wax seal that fits your toilet model; most standard sizes work for typical installations. Some wax rings come with a plastic flange, which can provide additional stability.
Position the wax ring directly on the flange, ensuring it is centered. If your wax ring has a plastic horn, ensure it faces the drain hole. Gently press down on the wax ring to create an even contact with the flange. This prevents gaps that could lead to leaks later on. Ensure the ring is not deformed or compressed unevenly during this process.
Avoid moving the wax ring once the toilet is set in place, as this can cause it to lose its shape and create an insufficient seal. It’s recommended to do a dry fit of the toilet over the wax ring to check for alignment before fully setting it in place. This also allows you to ensure you have the right positioning before sealing.
Once you are confident in the alignment, it’s time to position the toilet over the wax seal. Be mindful not to twist the toilet once it is in position, as that could break the seal. This step is crucial for preventing future leaks and costly repairs.
Position New Toilet
Carefully lift the new toilet and align it over the wax seal and flange. It is advisable to have someone assist you during this step, as toilets can be heavy and awkward to maneuver. Aim to position the toilet bolts (which were previously installed in the flange) directly through the holes at the base of the toilet.
Lower the toilet straight down onto the wax ring, applying even pressure to ensure a proper seal is formed. Apply enough downward force to compress the wax slightly, but avoid excessive force that could crack the toilet base. The toilet should sit level; use a level to check both sides and adjust for any discrepancies by placing shims under the base as needed.
Once the toilet is positioned correctly, hold it in place for a few moments to allow the wax seal to form. It’s important to ensure that the toilet is stable and secure, as movement can compromise the seal. If the toilet rocks or wobbles, make adjustments using shims until it sits flat.
After confirming that the toilet is level and stable, it’s time to proceed with securing it in place. This involves tightening the bolts that secure the toilet to the flange. Be cautious not to overtighten, as this can cause the porcelain to crack.
Secure Toilet Bolts
With the toilet in position, it’s time to secure it using the bolts that pass through the mounting holes. Begin by placing washers over the bolts before threading on the nuts. Using a wrench, carefully tighten the nuts until they are snug, but avoid excessive force. Over-tightening can lead to porcelain cracks or damage.
Check that the toilet is still level after securing the bolts. If necessary, adjust with shims to maintain an even position. Proper leveling is crucial to prevent leaks and ensure the toilet functions correctly. A toilet that is not level may experience issues with flushing and drainage.
Once tightened, replace the decorative caps over the bolts to conceal them and give the installation a finished look. These caps help prevent debris and water from entering the bolt holes, which can lead to rust or damage over time.
After securing the toilet, take a moment to double-check all connections and ensure everything is in place before proceeding to the next step. Confirming the stability of the toilet will save you from future complications and the need to re-install.
Connect Water Supply
Once the toilet is secured, the next step is to connect the water supply line. Begin by checking that the shut-off valve is in the off position. If your toilet has a fill valve, position it so it aligns with the water supply line. Most toilets use a flexible supply line for easier connections.
Attach the water supply line to the fill valve by hand-tightening it clockwise. Use an adjustable wrench to tighten it further, ensuring a snug but not overly tight fit. Be cautious not to overtighten, as this can damage the fittings.
Next, turn on the shut-off valve slowly to allow the water to flow into the tank. Observe for any signs of leaks at the connection points. If you notice water seeping from the fittings, turn off the shut-off valve and check the connections again. Tightening or re-seating the fittings may be necessary to eliminate leaks.
Once the toilet tank is full, ensure the flush mechanism operates correctly. Flush the toilet several times to confirm that it fills and drains properly. If any part of the installation feels off, take the time to troubleshoot before finishing the installation.
Test for Leaks
After everything is connected, conducting a leak test is essential to ensure successful installation. Begin by inspecting all connections, including the water supply line and the base of the toilet. Use a sponge or towel to wipe any moisture and observe for any new water accumulation over the next few hours.
Flush the toilet several times while monitoring for any leaks. Pay close attention to the base of the toilet where it meets the floor, as well as the water supply connection. If you notice any water pooling around the base, it may indicate a compromised wax seal or loose connections.
In case you detect a leak, turn off the water supply immediately. Investigate the source of the leak, and take corrective action. This may involve tightening fittings or replacing the wax ring if it has been dislodged during installation.
If no leaks are detected after thorough testing, congratulations! You have successfully installed your toilet. Keep an eye on your toilet over the next few days to catch any minor issues that may arise. Regular maintenance can help ensure your toilet operates efficiently for years to come.
In conclusion, installing a toilet is an achievable project for most homeowners when done carefully and methodically. By gathering the right tools, following each step diligently, and ensuring proper connections, you can install a toilet without professional assistance. Not only will this save you money, but it also empowers you with hands-on skills for future plumbing projects. Always prioritize safety and compliance with local regulations as you undertake this home improvement task.